My guess is Roland, Yamaha, Korg or some combination found that was the maximum data rate some late 1970s / early 1980s era processor could handle without flow control being available. I am assuming someone wanted to relate MIDI bit rate to the NTSC-D line rate of ~15,734 lines/second, but it isn’t quite twice the line rate. I have always found the 31,250 bit/second data rate for MIDI curious. So, instead we have to fool the uart clock at boot time, so that 38400 baud becomes 31250. Even a Mac Plus or Atari ST could do out of the box, but it turns out to be beyond the wit of Linux to provide generic baud rate settings even though Linux appeared a full decade after the MIDI standard was established and has then had another 30 years to incorporate it as a standard. I think this is unlikely.īut it is in the classic computing myth of: “Your Casio digital watch has more CPU power than the computers that sent astronauts to the moon” -) Which isn’t true, but it keeps alive the idea that everything just gets better and better, even though I’ve just been wrestling with getting a Raspberry PI to generate a MIDI baud rate, something any UART from the venerable ACIA 6850 from the 1970s could do. So, we need a 64-bit CPU running at 860000MIPs. Apollo 17’s mission duration was 12 days. A blink of an eye is possibly 1/10th of a second. Is this true? The AGC executed about 83,000 instructions per second. “64-bit monster CPUs that can calculate an entire moon mission’s worth of instructions in the blink of an eye.” Posted in Misc Hacks Tagged 4004, caculating pi, cpu, intel 4004, Pi Post navigation Just be sure to explain in clear terms if your work is full of the more obscure letters in the Greek alphabet! If you’ve been running your own mathematical experiments, don’t hesitate to drop us a line. We’ve seen other resource-limited pi calculators before, too. As a contrast, an experiment ran on a first-generation Xeon processor calculated 25 million digits of pi in under a second. Running on a real 4004 with peripheral hardware simulated inside an STM32, it spent 3 hours, 31 minutes and 13 seconds calculating 255 digits of pi, and correctly, too. chose to use a spigot algorithm from and, also referred to as the “Double-Stan Method.” This algorithm only uses integer division and is rather fitting for the limitations of the 4004 chip. These limitations guided choice of algorithm for calculating the only truly round number. AND and XOR aren’t available, either, and there’s only 10,240 bits of RAM to play with. It’s not the easiest thing to do a 4-bit processor can’t easily store long numbers, and the 4004 doesn’t have any native floating point capability either. decided calculating pi on this platform would be a good challenge. Once upon a time, though, the state of the art was much less capable Intel’s first microprocessor, the 4004, was built on a humble 4-bit architecture with limited instructions. These days we are blessed with multicore 64-bit monster CPUs that can calculate an entire moon mission’s worth of instructions in the blink of an eye.
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